nu:legal Deutsches Recht

Quality 83 / 100good

9 tools, about 4,003 tokens to load them all · tool set c1822ab004f8 · tools last changed 2026-09-24 · checked 2026-10-20 19:42 UTC

Tool changes

• 2026-09-24getCoveragechangedtitle, annotations
• 2026-09-24getChangeschangedtitle, annotations
• 2026-09-24listCasePassageschangedtitle, description, input schema, annotations
  before

  The full text of one decision, split into its paragraphs, each with a permalink you can cite. `rn` is the Randnummer the COURT printed, read out of the decision's own markup. It is never inferred from position: where a document prints no numbers, `rn` is null and stays null. `anchor_basis` is derived per decision — only 'native_numbering' means our anchor and the printed number provably coincide, so pin-cite a Randnummer only when you see that value. `amtliche_seite` is null everywhere: our texts carry no page breaks, so a BVerfGE-style page pin cannot be produced honestly. Long decisions run to several hundred paragraphs; page with `offset` and `limit`.

  after · 56% of words in common

  The full text of one decision, split into its paragraphs, each with a permalink you can cite. `rn` is the Randnummer the COURT printed, read out of the decision's own markup. It is never inferred from position: where a document prints no numbers, `rn` is null and stays null. `anchor_basis` is derived per decision — only 'native_numbering' means our anchor and the printed number provably coincide, so pin-cite a Randnummer only when you see that value. `amtliche_seite` is null everywhere: our texts carry no page breaks, so a BVerfGE-style page pin cannot be produced honestly. SIZE. Long decisions run to several hundred paragraphs, so the default page is 30. Three ways to move: `offset` pages, `limit` widens (max 400 — enough for a whole decision when you really want it), and `around` jumps. `pagination` appears whenever there is more than the page you were handed. `around: 51` returns a window of `limit` passages CENTRED on Randnummer 51 — the right call when `listCitingDecisions` gave you a `citing_rn`, when a search hit came back anchored at …#rd_51, or when you want the passage around a pin cite and not the whole judgment. It takes the number the court printed, not a position, and a decision that prints no such number answers `not_in_corpus` rather than silently handing you a different passage. `around` and `offset` address the same list two different ways; give one.

• 2026-09-24listCitedAuthoritieschangedtitle, annotations
• 2026-09-24listCitingDecisionschangedtitle, description, input schema, annotations
  before

  Incoming citation edges. Give EITHER `law` + `ref` (which decisions apply this statute provision) OR `case` (which decisions cite this decision) — exactly one of the two. Results are ranked by citation weight, then court tier, then recency. Read the ranking honestly: for a provision with many EU decisions the first ten can be almost all CJEU, and the German courts appear only further down. If `total` exceeds what you read, page on with `offset` (`pagination.next_offset`) before concluding anything about national case law. For a decision, each citer carries `citing_rn`: the Randnummer of the CITING decision's own text that holds the citation, as that court numbered it, and the URL is anchored to it. COVERAGE: the graph is built over federal case law. A Land provision can answer `total: 0` because it is not indexed, not because no court has cited it — `coverage.complete_for_this_norm` tells you which, and for a Land provision you should fall back to `search` on the provision's wording.

  after · 73% of words in common

  Incoming citation edges. Give EITHER `law` + `ref` (which decisions apply this statute provision) OR `case` (which decisions cite this decision) — exactly one of the two. Results are ranked by citation weight, then court tier, then recency. Read the ranking honestly: for a provision with many EU decisions the first ten can be almost all CJEU, and the German courts appear only further down. If `total` exceeds what you read, page on with `offset` (`pagination.next_offset`) before concluding anything about national case law. NEWEST FIRST: pass `sort: "recent"` when the question is about current case law ('fünf aktuelle Entscheidungen zu …'). Paging works the same way. This ordering is bounded — for a handful of procedural giants (§ 154 VwGO, § 708 ZPO) it cannot be computed inside the query budget, and then the answer comes back in WEIGHT order and says so in `sort_applied` and `sort_note`. Check `sort_applied` before you describe a list as the most recent decisions. For a decision, each citer carries `citing_rn`: the Randnummer of the CITING decision's own text that holds the citation, as that court numbered it, and the URL is anchored to it. COVERAGE: the graph is built over federal case law. A Land provision can answer `total: 0` because it is not indexed, not because no court has cited it — `coverage.complete_for_this_norm` tells you which, and for a Land provision you should fall back to `search` on the provision's wording.

• 2026-09-24listNormVersionschangedtitle, annotations
• 2026-09-24getNormchangedtitle, description, annotations
  before

  The text of one provision, by default as clean Markdown — about a tenth the size of the reader page for the same provision, with no navigation, no scripts and no boilerplate. `law` is the abbreviation as a citation writes it ('BGB', 'DSGVO', 'BDSG 2018', 'RVG'); `ref` is the bare number, with any letter suffix and no § or Art. ('622', '823', '3a', '83'). Aliases and case variants resolve. POINT IN TIME: `as_of=YYYY-MM-DD` returns the version stored for that date. Read `version_coverage` on every answer — the version archive begins 2019-06-10, and a date before that answers `outside_coverage` with the law's amendment register attached. That is a limit of our archive and says nothing about whether the provision existed. Every answer carries `first_observed`, `valid_to`, `date_precision` and `amendment_note`. `first_observed` is the day we first saw the text, NOT the legal Inkrafttreten — do not compute a deadline from it without reading `date_precision` (day / week / launch; 'launch' means the date is a floor). TRUST: `fundstelle` is the gazette citation of the authentic text — the citation a court accepts. `authoritative_source` names what our copy is (a consolidated, non-official reading version) and where the binding text lives. Quote the provision from `markdown`; the reader page at `url` carries per-Absatz anchors (#abs-N) if you want to deep-link a single Absatz.

  after · 82% of words in common

  The text of one provision, by default as clean Markdown — about a tenth the size of the reader page for the same provision, with no navigation, no scripts and no boilerplate. `law` is the abbreviation as a citation writes it ('BGB', 'DSGVO', 'BDSG 2018', 'RVG'); `ref` is the bare number, with any letter suffix and no § or Art. ('622', '823', '3a', '83'). Aliases resolve, and CASE IS READ: 'LwG' is the federal Landwirtschaftsgesetz while 'LWG' is a Land statute (Bayern's Landeswahlgesetz, NRW's Landeswassergesetz), so write the abbreviation the way your citation writes it. A spelling that matches no law exactly still resolves case-insensitively, and a miss lists the other laws the abbreviation names under `other_laws`, each with a `law_key` you can call again with. POINT IN TIME: `as_of=YYYY-MM-DD` returns the version stored for that date. Read `version_coverage` on every answer — the version archive begins 2019-06-10, and a date before that answers `outside_coverage` with the law's amendment register attached. That is a limit of our archive and says nothing about whether the provision existed. Every answer carries `first_observed`, `valid_to`, `date_precision` and `amendment_note`. `first_observed` is the day we first saw the text, NOT the legal Inkrafttreten — do not compute a deadline from it without reading `date_precision` (day / week / launch; 'launch' means the date is a floor). TRUST: `fundstelle` is the gazette citation of the authentic text — the citation a court accepts. `authoritative_source` names what our copy is (a consolidated, non-official reading version) and where the binding text lives. Quote the provision from `markdown`; the reader page at `url` carries per-Absatz anchors (#abs-N) if you want to deep-link a single Absatz.

• 2026-09-24searchchangedtitle, description, annotations
  before

  One query over BOTH corpora: federal and Land statutes (lexical, with concept pinning) and court decisions (semantic — natural-language questions work well here and are the better shape for case law). Search both unless you have a reason not to. A term of art often does not appear in the statute that governs it: 'Verzugspauschale' matches no provision (§ 288 BGB says 'Pauschale in Höhe von 40 Euro') while 184 decisions use the word. scope='norms' alone will read as 'nothing here' in exactly those cases. CROSS-LAND COMPARISON: a single query returns the parallel provisions of the Bund and of every covered Land side by side, each row jurisdiction-labelled, plus a `by_jurisdiction` roll-up. Ask 'Videoüberwachung öffentlich zugänglicher Räume' and you get BDSG § 4 next to the Land data-protection and police provisions. Full text is held for Bayern, Brandenburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Sachsen. Decision hits come back already anchored at the best-matching Randnummer (…#rd_51), so you can quote a paragraph rather than a document. Query in German; write raw umlauts, they are handled.

  after · 88% of words in common

  One query over BOTH corpora: federal and Land statutes (lexical, with concept pinning) and court decisions (semantic — natural-language questions work well here and are the better shape for case law). Search both unless you have a reason not to. A term of art often does not appear in the statute that governs it: 'Verzugspauschale' matches no provision (§ 288 BGB says 'Pauschale in Höhe von 40 Euro') while 184 decisions use the word. scope='norms' alone will read as 'nothing here' in exactly those cases. CROSS-LAND COMPARISON: a single query returns the parallel provisions of the Bund and of every covered Land side by side, each row jurisdiction-labelled, plus a `by_jurisdiction` roll-up. Ask 'Videoüberwachung öffentlich zugänglicher Räume' and you get BDSG § 4 next to the Land data-protection and police provisions. Full text is held for Bayern, Brandenburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Sachsen. Decision hits come back already anchored at the best-matching Randnummer (…#rd_51), so you can quote a paragraph rather than a document, AND carry `doknr` — the key `listCasePassages`, `listCitedAuthorities` and `listCitingDecisions` take, so you can go straight from a search hit to that decision's passages or its authorities without resolving anything first. Query in German; write raw umlauts, they are handled.

• 2026-09-24resolveIdentifierschangedtitle, description, annotations
  before

  Ground a batch of German legal citations against the corpus. Call this BEFORE stating any citation you did not read here. Takes the citation in the form you already hold it — including the court name, the dispositive word and the date a model normally writes around a docket. Those are stripped for you and reported back under `normalised_from` / `normalised_to`, never silently. Accepted kinds: norm citations ('§ 823 Abs. 1 BGB', '§§ 305-310 BGB', 'Art. 83 DSGVO'), Aktenzeichen ('2 C 9.22', '8 AZR 26/18'), ECLI ('ECLI:DE:BGH:2019:180619UVIIIZR247.18.0') and Fundstellen ('BVerfGE 65, 1'). Full prose citations work: 'BVerwG, Urteil vom 24.10.2023 - 2 C 9.22'. It never returns a near match. A miss comes back as `not_in_corpus` (we hold nothing and know of nothing), `attested` / `known_missing` (the decision provably EXISTS — decisions we do hold cite it by Aktenzeichen, and they are listed as the evidence — but we do not have its text), `ambiguous` (with candidates) or `unparseable`. `attested` is not a failure: you may state that the decision exists, cite it, and say the text was not available to you. What you must not do is treat it as `not_in_corpus`. A resolved norm carries `fundstelle`: the gazette citation of the authentic text, which is the citation a court accepts. Our own URL is a reading copy, and for Land law the gazette citation is the only source reference there is. Prefer it in anything you publish. `text` on a resolved norm is a 300-character stub unless you pass `include: ["text"]`, and `text_truncated` says which it is. Never verify a quotation against the stub: it is the head of the provision, not the Absatz you cited. When you supply a date that does not match the decision the docket resolves to, the result carries `date_mismatch` with the actual date. That is the hallucinated-citation case this tool exists for: cite the actual date, not the one you held.

  after · 79% of words in common

  Ground a batch of German legal citations against the corpus. Call this BEFORE stating any citation you did not read here. Takes the citation in the form you already hold it — including the court name, the dispositive word and the date a model normally writes around a docket. KEEP THEM IN: the court and the date are used to disambiguate. An Aktenzeichen is unique per court, not nationwide, and 21,021 dockets in this corpus are held by more than one decision, so 'OLG Bamberg, 4 U 120/24' resolves to Bamberg's decision where the bare '4 U 120/24' is ambiguous or lands on another court's. Where the string has to be rewritten to be read, the rewrite is reported back under `normalised_from` / `normalised_to`, never silently, and `disambiguated_by` says when it was YOUR court or date that picked the decision out. Where the court you named writes a suffix your citation dropped ('4 U 120/24 e'), the answer carries `docket_completed` with the full Aktenzeichen — cite that one. Accepted kinds: norm citations ('§ 823 Abs. 1 BGB', '§§ 305-310 BGB', 'Art. 83 DSGVO'), Aktenzeichen ('2 C 9.22', '8 AZR 26/18'), ECLI ('ECLI:DE:BGH:2019:180619UVIIIZR247.18.0') and Fundstellen ('BVerfGE 65, 1'). Full prose citations work: 'BVerwG, Urteil vom 24.10.2023 - 2 C 9.22'. It never returns a near match. A miss comes back as `not_in_corpus` (we hold nothing and know of nothing), `attested` / `known_missing` (the decision provably EXISTS — decisions we do hold cite it by Aktenzeichen, and they are listed as the evidence — but we do not have its text), `ambiguous` (with candidates) or `unparseable`. `attested` is not a failure: you may state that the decision exists, cite it, and say the text was not available to you. What you must not do is treat it as `not_in_corpus`. A resolved norm carries `fundstelle`: the gazette citation of the authentic text, which is the citation a court accepts. Our own URL is a reading copy, and for Land law the gazette citation is the only source reference there is. Prefer it in anything you publish. `text` on a resolved norm is a 300-character stub unless you pass `include: ["text"]`, and `text_truncated` says which it is. Never verify a quotation against the stub: it is the head of the provision, not the Absatz you cited. When you supply a date or a court that does not match the decision the docket resolves to, the result carries `date_mismatch` / `court_mismatch` with the actual value. That is the hallucinated-citation case this tool exists for: cite what is actually there, not what you held — and a `court_mismatch` usually means this is not the decision you meant at all.

Full history: list_changes · trend: quality JSON.

Checks run on what our credential-free, read-only probes observe; tools are never called and no code audit is performed. How it is computed.